Li-Jung Chen *, Kenneth R. Fox **, Wen-Jung Sun ***, Ming-Kuei Lo **** and Po-Wen Ku *****
(*) National Taiwan University of Physical Education and Sport, Taiwan
(**) Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, and School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
(***) Family Medicine Department, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taiwan
(****) Department of Leisure and Recreation Management at Nan Kei University of Technology, Taiwan
(*****) National Changhua University of Education, and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
This 10-year follow-up study examined the associations between different categories of physical activity and insomnia among Taiwanese older adults aged 65 years and older. Data were collected in 1999 (n=1810) and 2009 (n=1128) by faceto- face interviews. Physical activity was evaluated with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Totals for each category of activity were divided by the mean into low (Lo) and high (Hi) groups. A score greater than 5 on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to define insomnia. The results showed that leisure-time activity was a significant predictor of incident insomnia. The risk of incident insomnia was increased in the Lo-Lo group (AOR: 9.96, 95% CI=2.25-44.01), Hi-Lo (AOR: 8.73, 95% CI=1.90-40.18), and Lo-Hi group (AOR: 5.58, 95% CI=1.12-27.72) when compared to the Hi-Hi group. This study suggests that remaining at high levels of leisure-time activity reduces the risk of subsequent insomnia in older adults.
Keywords: Prospective cohort longitudinal study; physical activity, sleep disorder; sleep problem, elderly
Andre Koka
Faculty of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
This study examined the relative influence of perceived autonomy support from the teacher and peers on students’ global self-esteem and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) through the motivational processes within physical education (PE) in line with self-determination theory. Secondary school students (N = 395) ages 12-16 years completed a multi-section inventory assessing their motivational processes towards PE as well as global physical self-esteem. They also completed measures of global self-esteem and HRQoL on three occasions: baseline, 3-month, and 6-month follow-ups. A well-fitting path-analytic model revealed a larger positive, significant indirect effect of perceived autonomy support from the teacher, relative to perceived autonomy support from peers, on students’ overall well-being variables. Results further revealed that physical global self-esteem partially mediated the effect of autonomous motivation towards PE on students’ global selfesteem and HRQoL, and that global self-esteem and HRQoL were reciprocally related over time. Results suggest that perceived autonomy support from both the teacher and peers in PE are essential antecedents to students’ overall well-being.
Keywords: Adolescents, Overall well-being, Perceived autonomy support, Selfdetermination theory, Significant others
Jesús Viciana *, Daniel Mayorga-Vega * and Humberto Blanco **
(*) Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Spain
(**) Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Chihuahua, Mexico
The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of age and experience on the physical self-concept and sportsmanship orientation of youth Spanish athletes. The sample was made up of 138 youth male soccer players aged between 11-18 years old. The Physical Self-Description Questionnaire and the Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientations Scale were applied in a transversal sectional design. The MANCOVA and follow up analyses showed a descent of several dimensions of physical self-concept regarding the age; an increase perceived coordination, and a descent of sportsmanship regarding the experience. Although more studies are necessary to verify and go in depth with the results, coaches need to be aware of this descent throughout the formation stages in educative soccer practices.
Keywords: Fair play, Physical education, Physical self perception, Sportspersonship
Lucia Monacis *, Valeria De Palo ** and Maria Sinatra ***
(*) Department of Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Foggia, Italy
(**) Department of Philosophy, Education, and Psychology, University of Verona, Italy
(***) Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari, Italy
The current study proposed a path model of sportspersonship using self-determined motivation as mediating variable and sport orientations as distal determinants. 166 competitive level athletes divided into two groups according to the type of sport (individual and team sports) completed a questionnaire composed of the following sections: socio-anagraphic data, Sport Orientation Questionnaire, Sport Motivation Scale, and Multidimensional Sport Orientation Scale. ANOVA analysis and path mediational model were applied. Results showed a main effect of gender and type of sports on sport orientations, and the indirect effects of sport orientations on sportspersonship, as well as the mediational role of self-determined sport motivation within this model. Additional research with a larger sample and other constructs will be needed in order to confirm, and possibly extend, the present findings. However, this study could be considered as a starting point for educational approaches especially for young sportspeople.
Keywords: Self-determined sport motivation, Sport orientation, Sportspersonship
Dave Elliott and Lindsay Sander
University of Cumbria, Carlisle,UK
This Investigation Examined The Effects Of Relaxing Music For Anxiety Control (Elliott, Polman & Mcgregor, 2011) On The Intensity (CSAI-2R, HR And Subjective Relaxation) And Directional Aspects Of Competitive State Anxiety. Sixty-One Participants Performed An Accuracy-Based Motor Task Competition. Preceding This, Participants Underwent A Ten-Minute Intervention Period Of Either Listening To Relaxing Music For Anxiety Control, Non-Relaxing Music Or A No Music Control. Anxiety Measures Were Taken On Three Occasions (Baseline, Pre-Intervention And Post-Intervention). For Intensity, The Analysis Showed Significant Main Effects For All Conditions. No Between-Group Differences Were Found. However, ES Data Did Show Some Support For The Application Of Relaxing Music For Anxiety Control. As To Direction, The Reductions In Intensity Were Perceived As Significantly More Facilitative. No Between-Group Differences Were Evident, However, ES Were Largest In The No Music Control. Intervention Type Had No Significant Effect On Motor Skill Performance.
Keywords: Anxiety, Direction, Intensity, Relaxing music